HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK PEKERJA KONSTRUKSI TERHADAP CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Puput Mar'atus Sholihah, Yuswanto Setyawan

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Pendahuluan: Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/COPD) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama di dunia, dengan beban penyakit yang semakin meningkat terutama pada kelompok pekerja berisiko tinggi. Pekerja konstruksi termasuk populasi yang rentan karena terpapar debu, polusi, dan faktor gaya hidup seperti kebiasaan merokok, di mana data WHO menunjukkan lebih dari 80% kasus COPD berkaitan langsung dengan paparan asap rokok. Di Indonesia, prevalensi merokok pada pekerja usia produktif, termasuk di sektor konstruksi, tetap tinggi, sehingga risiko terjadinya COPD semakin besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan kejadian COPD pada pekerja konstruksi di Sidoarjo, serta mengukur kekuatan dan arah hubungan tersebut berdasarkan nilai signifikansi dan koefisien korelasi. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional deskriptif dengan metode purposive sampling, mengumpulkan data menggunakan Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ), dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square serta uji Korelasi Spearman melalui SPSS pada 200 responden (100 perokok dan 100 bukan perokok). Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok dan kejadian COPD (Chi-Square, p < 0,05) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi Spearman r = 0,426 yang termasuk kategori sedang dengan arah positif, menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas merokok, semakin besar risiko terjadinya COPD. Diskusi: Secara rinci, pekerja berusia 40–49 tahun mengalami gejala COPD 15% lebih sering dibanding kelompok usia lainnya, lama merokok 10–20 tahun meningkatkan risiko COPD sebesar 22%–38%, dan konsumsi lebih dari 5 batang rokok per hari meningkatkan risiko COPD sebesar 22,5%–27,5% dibanding yang tidak merokok. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan spirometri sebagai alat ukur tambahan serta mempertimbangkan faktor genetik yang dapat memengaruhi kerentanan terhadap COPD.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31869/mm.v8i1.6431

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